(gmp.info.gz) Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling

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 Logical and Bit Manipulation Functions
 ======================================
 
 These functions behave as if twos complement arithmetic were used
 (although sign-magnitude is the actual implementation).  The least
 significant bit is number 0.
 
  - Function: void mpz_and (mpz_t ROP, mpz_t OP1, mpz_t OP2)
      Set ROP to OP1 bitwise-and OP2.
 
  - Function: void mpz_ior (mpz_t ROP, mpz_t OP1, mpz_t OP2)
      Set ROP to OP1 bitwise inclusive-or OP2.
 
  - Function: void mpz_xor (mpz_t ROP, mpz_t OP1, mpz_t OP2)
      Set ROP to OP1 bitwise exclusive-or OP2.
 
  - Function: void mpz_com (mpz_t ROP, mpz_t OP)
      Set ROP to the one's complement of OP.
 
  - Function: unsigned long int mpz_popcount (mpz_t OP)
      If OP>=0, return the population count of OP, which is the number
      of 1 bits in the binary representation.  If OP<0, the number of 1s
      is infinite, and the return value is ULONG_MAX, the largest
      possible `unsigned long'.
 
  - Function: unsigned long int mpz_hamdist (mpz_t OP1, mpz_t OP2)
      If OP1 and OP2 are both >=0 or both <0, return the hamming
      distance between the two operands, which is the number of bit
      positions where OP1 and OP2 have different bit values.  If one
      operand is >=0 and the other <0 then the number of bits different
      is infinite, and the return value is ULONG_MAX, the largest
      possible `unsigned long'.
 
  - Function: unsigned long int mpz_scan0 (mpz_t OP, unsigned long int
           STARTING_BIT)
  - Function: unsigned long int mpz_scan1 (mpz_t OP, unsigned long int
           STARTING_BIT)
      Scan OP, starting from bit STARTING_BIT, towards more significant
      bits, until the first 0 or 1 bit (respectively) is found.  Return
      the index of the found bit.
 
      If the bit at STARTING_BIT is already what's sought, then
      STARTING_BIT is returned.
 
      If there's no bit found, then ULONG_MAX is returned.  This will
      happen in `mpz_scan0' past the end of a positive number, or
      `mpz_scan1' past the end of a negative.
 
  - Function: void mpz_setbit (mpz_t ROP, unsigned long int BIT_INDEX)
      Set bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
 
  - Function: void mpz_clrbit (mpz_t ROP, unsigned long int BIT_INDEX)
      Clear bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
 
  - Function: void mpz_combit (mpz_t ROP, unsigned long int BIT_INDEX)
      Complement bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
 
  - Function: int mpz_tstbit (mpz_t OP, unsigned long int BIT_INDEX)
      Test bit BIT_INDEX in OP and return 0 or 1 accordingly.
 

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