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2.4 Installing MySQL on Linux
=============================
The recommended way to install MySQL on Linux is by using the RPM
packages. The MySQL RPMs are currently built on a SuSE Linux 7.3
system, but should work on most versions of Linux that support `rpm'
and use `glibc'. To obtain RPM packages, see Getting MySQL.
* RPM distributions of MySQL often are provided by other vendors.
Be aware that they may differ in features and capabilities from those
built by MySQL AB, and that the instructions in this manual do not
necessarily apply to installing them. The vendor's instructions should
be consulted instead.
If you have problems with an RPM file (for example, if you receive the
error "`Sorry, the host 'XXXX' could not be looked up'"), see
Binary notes-Linux.
In most cases, you only need to install the `MySQL-server' and
`MySQL-client' packages to get a functional MySQL installation. The
other packages are not required for a standard installation. If you
want to run a MySQL-Max server that has additional capabilities, you
should also install the `MySQL-Max' RPM. However, you should do so only
_ after_ installing the `MySQL-server' RPM. `mysqld-max'
mysqld-max.
If you get a dependency failure when trying to install the MySQL 4.0
packages (for example, "`error: removing these packages would break
dependencies: libmysqlclient.so.10 is needed by ...'"), you should also
install the package `MySQL-shared-compat', which includes both the
shared libraries for backward compatibility (`libmysqlclient.so.12' for
MySQL 4.0 and `libmysqlclient.so.10' for MySQL 3.23).
Many Linux distributions still ship with MySQL 3.23 and they usually
link applications dynamically to save disk space. If these shared
libraries are in a separate package (for example, `MySQL-shared'), it is
sufficient to simply leave this package installed and just upgrade the
MySQL server and client packages (which are statically linked and do
not depend on the shared libraries). For distributions that include the
shared libraries in the same package as the MySQL server (for example,
Red Hat Linux), you could either install our 3.23 `MySQL-shared' RPM,
or use the `MySQL-shared-compat' package instead.
The following RPM packages are available:
* `MySQL-server-VERSION.i386.rpm'
The MySQL server. You will need this unless you only want to
connect to a MySQL server running on another machine. Note: Server
RPM files were called `MySQL-VERSION.i386.rpm' before MySQL
4.0.10. That is, they did not have `-server' in the name.
* `MySQL-Max-VERSION.i386.rpm'
The MySQL-Max server. This server has additional capabilities that
the one provided in the `MySQL-server' RPM does not. You must
install the `MySQL-server' RPM first, because the `MySQL-Max' RPM
depends on it.
* `MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm'
The standard MySQL client programs. You probably always want to
install this package.
* `MySQL-bench-VERSION.i386.rpm'
Tests and benchmarks. Requires Perl and the `DBD::mysql' module.
* `MySQL-devel-VERSION.i386.rpm'
The libraries and include files that are needed if you want to
compile other MySQL clients, such as the Perl modules.
* `MySQL-shared-VERSION.i386.rpm'
This package contains the shared libraries (`libmysqlclient.so*')
that certain languages and applications need to dynamically load
and use MySQL.
* `MySQL-shared-compat-VERSION.i386.rpm'
This package includes the shared libraries for both MySQL 3.23 and
MySQL 4.0. Install this package instead of `MySQL-shared' if you
have applications installed that are dynamically linked against
MySQL 3.23 but you want to upgrade to MySQL 4.0 without breaking
the library dependencies. This package has been available since
MySQL 4.0.13.
* `MySQL-embedded-VERSION.i386.rpm'
The embedded MySQL server library (from MySQL 4.0).
* `MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm'
This contains the source code for all of the previous packages. It
can also be used to rebuild the RPMs on other architectures (for
example, Alpha or SPARC).
To see all files in an RPM package (for example, a `MySQL-server' RPM),
run:
shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.i386.rpm
To perform a standard minimal installation, run:
shell> rpm -i MySQL-server-VERSION.i386.rpm
shell> rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm
To install just the client package, run:
shell> rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm
RPM provides a feature to verify the integrity and authenticity of
packages before installing them. If you would like to learn more about
this feature, see Verifying Package Integrity.
The server RPM places data under the `/var/lib/mysql' directory. The
RPM also creates a login account for a user named `mysql' (if one does
not exist) to use for running the MySQL server, and creates the
appropriate entries in `/etc/init.d/' to start the server automatically
at boot time. (This means that if you have performed a previous
installation and have made changes to its startup script, you may want
to make a copy of the script so that you don't lose it when you install
a newer RPM.) See Automatic start for more information on how
MySQL can be started automatically on system startup.
If you want to install the MySQL RPM on older Linux distributions that
do not support initialization scripts in `/etc/init.d' (directly or via
a symlink), you should create a symbolic link that points to the
location where your initialization scripts actually are installed. For
example, if that location is `/etc/rc.d/init.d', use these commands
before installing the RPM to create `/etc/init.d' as a symbolic link
that points there:
shell> cd /etc
shell> ln -s rc.d/init.d .
However, all current major Linux distributions should support the new
directory layout that uses `/etc/init.d', because it is required for
LSB (Linux Standard Base) compliance.
If the RPM files that you install include `MySQL-server', the `mysqld'
server should be up and running after installation. You should be able
to start using MySQL.
If something goes wrong, you can find more information in the binary
installation section. Installing binary.
* The accounts that are listed in the MySQL grant tables
initially have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set
up passwords for them using the instructions in
Post-installation.
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