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 8.5 The `mysqlbinlog' Binary Log Utility
 ========================================
 
 The binary log files that the server generates are written in binary
 format.  To examine these files in text format, use the `mysqlbinlog'
 utility.  It is available as of MySQL 3.23.14.
 
 Invoke `mysqlbinlog' like this:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog [OPTIONS] LOG-FILE ...
 
 For example, to display the contents of the binary log `binlog.000003',
 use this command:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.0000003
 
 The output includes all statements contained in `binlog.000003',
 together with other information such as the time each statement took,
 the thread ID of the client that issued it, the timestamp when it was
 issued, and so forth.
 
 Normally, you use `mysqlbinlog' to read binary log files directly and
 apply them to the local MySQL server. It is also possible to read binary
 logs from a remote server by using the `--read-from-remote-server'
 option.
 
 When you read remote binary logs, the connection parameter options can
 be given to indicate how to connect to the server, but they are ignored
 unless you also specify the `--read-from-remote-server' option. These
 options are `--host', `--password', `--port', `--protocol', `--socket',
 and `--user'.
 
 You can also use `mysqlbinlog' to read relay log files written by a
 slave server in a replication setup. Relay logs have the same format as
 binary log files.
 
 The binary log is discussed further in  Binary log.
 
 `mysqlbinlog' supports the following options:
 
 `--help, -?'
      Display a help message and exit.
 
 `--database=DB_NAME, -d DB_NAME'
      List entries for just this database (local log only).
 
 `--force-read, -f'
      With this option, if `mysqlbinlog' reads a binary log event that
      it does not recognize, it prints a warning, ignores the event, and
      continues.  Without this option, `mysqlbinlog' stops if it reads
      such an event.
 
 `--host=HOST_NAME, -h HOST_NAME'
      Get the binary log from the MySQL server on the given host.
 
 `--local-load=PATH, -l PATH'
      Prepare local temporary files for `LOAD DATA INFILE' in the
      specified directory.
 
 `--offset=N, -o N'
      Skip the first N entries.
 
 `--password[=PASSWORD], -p[PASSWORD]'
      The password to use when connecting to the server.  If you use the
      short option form (`-p'), you _cannot_ have a space between the
      option and the password.  If you omit the PASSWORD value following
      the `--password' or `-p' option on the command line, you will be
      prompted for one.
 
 `--port=PORT_NUM, -P PORT_NUM'
      The TCP/IP port number to use for connecting to a remote server.
 
 `--position=N, -j N'
      Deprecated, use `--start-position' instead (starting from MySQL
      4.1.4).
 
 `--protocol={TCP | SOCKET | PIPE | MEMORY}'
      The connection protocol to use.  New in MySQL 4.1.
 
 `--read-from-remote-server, -R'
      Read the binary log from a MySQL server.  Any connection parameter
      options are ignored unless this option is given as well. These
      options are `--host', `--password', `--port', `--protocol',
      `--socket', and `--user'.
 
 `--result-file=NAME, -r NAME'
      Direct output to the given file.
 
 `--short-form, -s'
      Display only the statements contained in the log, without any extra
      information.
 
 `--socket=PATH, -S PATH'
      The socket file to use for the connection.
 
 `--start-datetime=DATETIME'
      Start reading the binary log at the first event having a datetime
      equal or posterior to the `datetime' argument. Available as of
      MySQL 4.1.4.
 
 `--stop-datetime=DATETIME'
      Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a datetime
      equal or posterior to the `datetime' argument.  Available as of
      MySQL 4.1.4. Useful for point-in-time recovery.
 
 `--start-position=N'
      Start reading the binary log at the first event having a position
      equal to the `N' argument. Available as of MySQL 4.1.4 (previously
      named `--position').
 
 `--stop-position=N'
      Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a position
      equal or greater than the `N' argument. Available as of MySQL
      4.1.4.
 
 `--to-last-log, -t'
      Do not stop at the end of the requested binary log of the MySQL
      server, but rather continue printing until the end of the last
      binary log. If you send the output to the same MySQL server, this
      may lead to an endless loop.  This option requires
      `--read-from-remote-server'. Available as of MySQL 4.1.2.
 
 `--disable-log-bin, -D'
      Disable binary logging. This is useful for avoiding an endless
      loop if you use the `--to-last-log' option and are sending the
      output to the same MySQL server.  This option also is useful when
      restoring after a crash to avoid duplication of the statements you
      have logged. * This option requires that you have the
      `SUPER' privilege. Available as of MySQL 4.1.8.
 
 `--user=USER_NAME, -u USER_NAME'
      The MySQL username to use when connecting to a remote server.
 
 `--version, -V'
      Display version information and exit.
 
 
 You can also set the following variable by using `--VAR_NAME=VALUE'
 options:
 
 `open_files_limit'
      Specify the number of open file descriptors to reserve.
 
 
 You can pipe the output of `mysqlbinlog' into a `mysql' client to
 execute the statements contained in the binary log. This is used to
 recover from a crash when you have an old backup ( Backup):
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000001 | mysql
 
 Or:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.[0-9]* | mysql
 
 You can also redirect the output of `mysqlbinlog' to a text file
 instead, if you need to modify the statement log first (for example, to
 remove statements that you don't want to execute for some reason). After
 editing the file, execute the statements that it contains by using it as
 input to the `mysql' program.
 
 `mysqlbinlog' has the `--position' option, which prints only those
 statements with an offset in the binary log greater than or equal to a
 given position (the given position must match the start of one event).
 It also has options to stop or start when it sees an event of a given
 date and time. This enables you to perform point-in-time recovery using
 the `--stop-datetime' option (to be able to say, for example, "roll
 forward my databases to how they were today at 10:30 AM").
 
 If you have more than one binary log to execute on the MySQL server,
 the safe method is to process them all using a single connection to the
 server.  Here is an example that demonstrates what may be _unsafe_:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000001 | mysql # DANGER!!
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000002 | mysql # DANGER!!
 
 Processing binary logs this way using different connections to the
 server will cause problems if the first log file contains a `CREATE
 TEMPORARY TABLE' statement and the second log contains a statement that
 uses the temporary table. When the first `mysql' process terminates,
 the server will drop the temporary table. When the second `mysql'
 process attempts to use the table, the server will report "unknown
 table."
 
 To avoid problems like this, use a single connection to execute the
 contents of all binary logs that you want to process.  Here is one way
 to do that:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000001 HOSTNAME-bin.000002 | mysql
 
 Another approach is to do this:
 
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000001 >  /tmp/statements.sql
      shell> mysqlbinlog HOSTNAME-bin.000002 >> /tmp/statements.sql
      shell> mysql -e "source /tmp/statements.sql"
 
 In MySQL 3.23, the binary log did not contain the data to load for
 `LOAD DATA INFILE' statements. To execute such a statement from a
 binary log file, the original data file was needed.  Starting from MySQL
 4.0.14, the binary log does contain the data, so `mysqlbinlog' can
 produce output that reproduces the `LOAD DATA INFILE' operation without
 the original data file.  `mysqlbinlog' copies the data to a temporary
 file and writes a `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE' statement that refers to the
 file.  The default location of the directory where these files are
 written is system-specific. To specify a directory explicitly, use the
 `--local-load' option.
 
 Because `mysqlbinlog' converts `LOAD DATA INFILE' statements to `LOAD
 DATA LOCAL INFILE' statements (that is, it adds `LOCAL'), both the
 client and the server that you use to process the statements must be
 configured to allow `LOCAL' capability.   `LOAD DATA LOCAL' LOAD
 DATA LOCAL.
 
 *Warning:* The temporary files created for `LOAD DATA LOCAL' statements
 are _not_ automatically deleted because they are needed until you
 actually execute those statements.  You should delete the temporary
 files yourself after you no longer need the statement log.  The files
 can be found in the temporary file directory and have names like
 `original_file_name-#-#'.
 
 In the future, we will fix this problem by allowing `mysqlbinlog' to
 connect directly to a `mysqld' server.  Then it will be possible to
 safely remove the log files automatically as soon as the `LOAD DATA
 INFILE' statements have been executed.
 
 Before MySQL 4.1, `mysqlbinlog' could not prepare output suitable for
 `mysql' if the binary log contained interlaced statements originating
 from different clients that used temporary tables of the same name.
 This is fixed in MySQL 4.1. However, the problem still existed for
 `LOAD DATA INFILE' statements until it was fixed in MySQL 4.1.8.
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